Thursday, November 28, 2019
Changing Attitudes towards Old People Old Mrs Chundle and A Visit of Charity Essay Example
Changing Attitudes towards Old People: Old Mrs Chundle and A Visit of Charity Paper Old Mrs Chundle by Thomas Hardy, And A Visit of Charity, by Eudora Welty In this essay I will be discussing as best as I can the changing attitudes towards old people. This will involve two short stories, which are Old Mrs. Chundle, and A Visit Of Charity. I will then describe the old women. I will also describe the conditions that the old women were living in. Finally I will also describe how other characters in the stories treated the old women. Thomas Hardy, Old Mrs Chundle The story, Old Mrs. Chundle by Thomas Hardy is about an old lady who has kept herself well away from society because of her disability in hearing. A young priest that just came to the area was out side her house painting a picture and decided to visit her house for dinner. When he met the lady, he noticed she was partially deaf. This woman had not been to mass for a long time as she couldnt hear the priest saying mass. He felt sorry for the woman so decided that he would try and help her. He thought he had thought of a good solution when he got the lady an ear trumpet. However the idea failed, as the lady still was unable to hear the priest. But the curate had another idea. We will write a custom essay sample on Changing Attitudes towards Old People: Old Mrs Chundle and A Visit of Charity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Changing Attitudes towards Old People: Old Mrs Chundle and A Visit of Charity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Changing Attitudes towards Old People: Old Mrs Chundle and A Visit of Charity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He thought to put the lady directly in front of the pulpit again this created a new problem which was Mrs. Chundle had an awfully bad breath and was distracting the curate and making him feel sick. Now he decided to discourage the old lady from going to mass. He thought that he would pay a visit to the old lady to stop her going to mass. When he arrived at her house, he found out that Mrs. Chundle had died of a heart attack. She tried to run to mass the week before, and made herself ill, she then die from a heart attack. The curate then left the house knelt down on the road and covered his face. Eudora Welty, A Visit of Charity Eudora Weltys short story, A visit Of Charity is about a girl called Marian who is apart of the campfire girls. She goes to an old peoples home to earn extra Brownie points. Marian ends up in a room with an old woman called Addie and another old woman whose name is not said. The old woman welcomes Marian though Addie, who is bed bound is very grumpy and does not speak very pleasantly at all. Throughout this story the two elderly women are moaning with each other pretty much continuously. Marian tries to leave the room as fast as she can and inevitably does not say goodbye to either of them. She rushes out the room. When she gets outside, she picks up an apple, which she had hidden behind a bush, and ran for the bus. The end of the story is her taking a bite out of the apple. The way the old women are written about in the two stories tells the reader a lot about the attitudes towards the elderly. In Old Mrs. Chundle she is I believe described as a stereotypical old woman who has bad hearing. A deaf old woman, the curate says when describing the woman. She held her hand to her ear. This immediately shows you that the old woman is hard of hearing. This is stereotypically connected to old women as many of them are deaf. She hurried overmuch, and ran up the hill, which at her time of life she ought not to have done. It upset her heart This also gives us a very stereotypical view of an old woman, we usually refer to old woman as people who cannot run and have medical problems. In a Visit of Charity there are two elderly ladies on call Addie and another old woman whose name is not said. We get a very stereotypical view of an old grumpy woman in Addie. She is thin and is very old. Her hands are filled with freckles and she has false teeth, shes bitter, takes medicine and is bed bound. The old woman in bed cleared her throat and spoke The phrase woman in bed continuously tells us that Addie is bed bound. The other old woman is briefly described throughout the story. We never find out much about her. We believe that she is quite friendly when she welcomes Marian. Did you come to be our little girl for a while. We find out as soon as we meet the other old woman that she has claw like fingers and a bony face, Square smile stamped on her bony face We find out that the old woman likes flowers and she has no reminders of the outside world. She rocks on her chair while Marian is there. Both women in the story are stereotypical views of old women. We find out that they are bored and lonely. They spend a lot of their time in the old peoples home. This is how we would refer as an old woman in a stereotypical view. Mrs. Chundle lives in a cottage. She lives on her own, which tells us she is an independent woman. It tells us in the text that she lived in a stone-built old cottage of respectable and substantial build. This tells us shes like a typical countrywoman with a dodgy accent. The two old women in A Visit Of Charity live in bog standard living conditions. Marian says, The tiny room had altogether too much furniture. Everything smelled wet-even the floor. She also describes the tone of the room, How dark it was It was like being caught in a robbers cave, just before one was murdered. The characters in the two stories are treated differently. The curate cared for Mrs. Chundle as he wanted Mrs. Chundle to attend mass, as he felt sorry for her living on her own with no one to speak to. So he thought of the ideas of the trumpet and her position in the church. Hm- Im sorry. Theres one thing I could do, which I would with pleasure, if youll use it. I could get you an ear trumpet. Will you use it? This shows that the curate is treating the old lady kindly and knowing the fact that she cant hear properly being the reason why she cant go to mass. In A visit of Charity, we are told that the old women were living in an old room. The room was cold, damp, dark and grim. This shows that the old women werent treated properly. Marian says, Her hands got colder and colder How dark it was This shows that the nurses or the members of staff running the old peoples home do not care of the treatment of the ladies. Old Mrs. Chundle is the most positive and realistic story about old people. The message the author is trying to tell us in the story is that we should respect the elderly as we will one day be old. We should give them all the respect the need and deserve. We should always treat them kindly, as we know their lives are soon going to come to an end so let them live in style or the best that the careers can. In Old Mrs. Chundle, the curate tried to discourage the old woman from going to mass on the last day of her life. The curate obviously must of felt guilty, as he should have let the old woman go to mass if it is what she wanted to do. However he thought differently, he wanted to get rid of her instantly. Mrs. Chundle loved the fact that she could go to mass so did the best she could to get there. The curate felt guilty as he was just going to discourage her from doing that. The author presented Mrs. Chundle the way he did to display an average old country woman living by herself. This made the story more original and believable as it was a common place for elderly ladies.
Sunday, November 24, 2019
Kass on Medical Advancements essays
Kass on Medical Advancements essays Modern science presents may issues concerning human life. Leon Kass confronts the issue of immortality and prolonged life in his article, entitled Why Not Immortality?. Those involved in science hold the position that this could only benefit mankind. Kass, however, realizes the dangers involved in sciences position. He uses his article as a means of educating his readers on the possible problems, or at least to help them to think for themselves about the issue. Throughout the article, Kass poses questions, which will provoke his reader to think seriously about the so-called benefits of modern science. The fundamental question of the article seeks to understand whether longer life is truly an unqualified good (Kass, pp. 323). Kass article begins by looking at the specific cures that modern science is working on. There are three particular areas of scientific development that he deals with in the article. Firstly, he addresses the use of anti-aging cures, which are known as human growth hormones. Many people are currently using these hormones to help maintain their youthful vigor. Kass reports that, in a short time, these cures will become more affordable, allowing more individuals to take advantage of them. For those, who are more concerned with having new parts altogether; stem-cell research and cloning are working on their side. Thanks to these two areas of science, people can someday have the opportunity to replace old, unsuitable, worn-out body parts with freshly made ones. If this were possible, taking care of ones lungs, liver, or kidneys would be more of a financial matter than a matter of health. It is suggested that one other thing could stand in the way of a prolonged life. Scientists are currently researching the genetic switches that cause a person to age at the rate that they do. Once they discover, which genes are to blame, they can alter them to allow for prolo...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
The role of bureaucracy in economic development in Argentina Essay
The role of bureaucracy in economic development in Argentina - Essay Example Though bureaucracy in administration whether public or governmental has always given rise to many problems, but still there are hopes that a "brand new" bureaucracy has a long way to go towards economic development and consolidation of its institutions (Ducote, World Governance Survey) In circumstances where the slow process of Argentina's economic decline which intensified after World War II remained unable to get back to the colonial times, after 1853 was modernized. The early 20th century was the most favourable time when amazing progress was carried out at the political and economic level. Despite attaining independence from Spain, Argentina after spending many decades under the influence of Spanish democratic government continued with constitution with the old colonial features which began to reappear in Argentine administration (Hamilton, 2005). The integrated formulation predicts that the shift from populist authoritarian rule (1952) and to bureaucratic-authoritarian rule (1966) should not have produced fundamental policy changes in certain areas. These areas comprised of military in ad hoc provision, welfare and public works programs and a depoliticized system. By the early 1950s, cabinet instability had become chronic with a large scale development of a highly unionized public bureaucracy. The bureaucracy caused many problems like development of the cyclical balance-of-payments, foreign exchange. The economic inflation problems along with a combination of the cumbersome and inefficient public bureaucracy caused drainage of the resources elites had at their command (Most & Rienner, 1991, p. 67). Despite the impressive economic achievements since Independence, the re-emergence of colonial practices condemned Argentina to a trajectory of underdevelopment that could not be reversed by the democratic administrations of the 1990s. Background - The role of Military in Bureaucracy Military organizations were complex bureaucracies that uphold functional divisions. Those divisions affect not only the ways in which the military organizes work but also the ways in which it may fracture in the face of other kinds of challenges. (Norden, 1996, p. 108) The ad hoc military's role in the government should have been largely provisional. The size and complexity of the government should have increased as a result of the initiation and expansion of a variety of welfare and public works programs during the populist period without any concerted efforts to reorganize or control the growing bureaucracy. The impact of such developments on the bureaucratic-authoritarian coalition of the post-1966 period should have attempted to establish an exclusionary and depoliticized system. The military members of the bureaucratic authoritarian coalition should have unified themselves and taken control of the government with a view to establishing a more or less permanent military dictatorship. The technocrats of the bureaucratic authoritarian coalition should have rejected the political bargaining, electioneering, and pressure group politics that distorted earlier efforts at objective policymaking. The technocrats therefore decided to reorganize the sta te, increase its operating efficiency, and 'rationalize' its policymaking. The shift from the autocratic to bureaucratic Government was not supposed to have produced fundamental
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